Diimino compounds

ABSTRACT

The present invention is related to diimino compounds of formulae (I) R 2 —N═C(R 1 )(R 3 ) n C(R 1 )═N—R 2  and (II) (R 1 ) 2 C═N—(CR 2   4 ) m —N═C(R 1 ) 2  functionalized with at least one siloxy group. Said diimino compounds are useful for obtaining a solid catalyst component for polymerizing olefins wherein the diimino compound of formulae (I) or (II) is bonded to a porous inorganic support and to a transition metal selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table. This invention also relates to a process for preparing said diimino compounds of formulae (I) or (II), to a process for obtaining said solid catalyst component comprising the combination of the diimino compound and a porous inorganic support. Further, the invention also relates to the use of said solid catalyst in combination with a cocatalyst to polimerize olefins.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a new class of diimino compounds useful as ligands for obtaining late transition metal complexes covalently bonded to an inorganic support.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] It has been recently discovered that alpha-diimino ligands can be used for synthesizing complexes of late transition metals that are useful as catalyst for polymerizing olefins.

[0003] For instance WO 96/23010 discloses, with several examples, various types of nickel or palladium diimine complexes, showing that they can be used for polymerizing a large number of olefins.

[0004] In WO 98/27124 and WO 98/30612 2,6-pyridinecarboxaldehydebis(imines) and 2,6-diacylpyridinebis(imines) complexes of iron and cobalt are disclosed for polymerizing ethylene and propylene. WO 99/12981 relates to substituted 2,6 diimino pyridines complexes of Fe[II], Fe[III], Co[I], Co[II], Co[III], Mn[I], Mn[II], Mn[III], Mn[IV], Ru[II], Ru[III] and Ru[IV].

[0005] Immobilizing these complexes on solid supports to enable heterogeneous polymerization process such as those based on gas phase, bulky or slurry processes, is important for their efficient industrial utilization. In particular, some non-supported nickel catalysts give rise to polymer characterized by a high level of branching. The melting points of these polymers are anticipated to be as low as to present problems with reactor operation at typical industrial operating temperatures, especially when heat dissipation by solvents is unavailable, as in continuous gas phase polymerization.

[0006] Supported diimino nickel or palladium catalysts are disclosed in WO 96/23010, WO 97/48736, WO 98/56832.

[0007] WO 96/23010 discloses supported diimino palladium or nickel catalysts. A process wherein a complex activated with a cocatalyst is adsorbed on silica is exemplified.

[0008] WO 97/48736 relates to immobilized catalysts; they are substantially obtained by preparing a precursor solution mixing together the complex with an aluminoxane and adding this precursor solution to a porous support.

[0009] In some examples of WO 98/56832 the cocatalyst was supported on an inorganic support and then a diimino complex was added, then the obtained catalyst was prepolymerized.

[0010] In these applications the diimino ligand is not functionalized for optimizing the bond between the support and the complex. As a result, in the supported catalyst obtained, the migration of the active species into the homogeneous phase during the polymerization reaction may happen.

[0011] Therefore the development of a new ligand class that permits a chemical bond between the carrier and the diimino complex is desirable.

[0012] An object of the present invention is a new class of diimino ligands functionalized with a siloxy group.

[0013] A further object of the present invention is a solid catalyst component for polymerizing olefins comprising: an inorganic support, a diimino ligand chemically bonded to the support and a transition metal.

[0014] In this solid component, chemical bonding to the support provides a firm attach of the catalytic centres to the support, resulting in a heterogeneous catalyst component. The preparation of said catalyst precursor results in no contaminating secondary reaction products, hence the catalyst is free from undesired impurities. The catalysts can be used in slurry or gas-phase processes. The catalysts are especially useful for the production of branched polyolefins from a single type of monomer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The present invention relates to diimino compounds defined by following formulae:

[0016] wherein

[0017] n is 0 or 1; m is 1, 2 or 3;

[0018] each R¹, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, a monovalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally containing heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and boron; with the proviso that al least one R¹ group is represented by the formula R⁵OSi(R)₃;

[0019] wherein

[0020] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl linear or branched; preferably it is methyl, ethyl or propyl;

[0021] each R⁵, equal to or different from each other, is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms of groups 14, 15 or 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron;

[0022] each R², equal to or different from each other, is a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron;

[0023] R³ is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms of groups 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron;

[0024] R⁴, equal to or different from each other, is hydrogen or a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron;

[0025] This invention also relates to a process to prepare compounds represented by formula I or II above. Likewise this invention relates to a catalyst component comprising the product of the combination of the diimino ligand and a porous inorganic support.

[0026] Further this invention also relates to the use of the catalyst component in combination with a cocatalyst to polymerize olefins.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The present invention relates to diimino compounds defined by the following formulae:

[0028] wherein

[0029] n is 0 or 1; m is 1, 2 or 3;

[0030] each R¹, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, a monovalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally containing heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; with the proviso that al least one R¹ group is represented by the formula R⁵OSi(R)₃;

[0031] wherein

[0032] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl linear or branched; preferably it is methyl, ethyl or propyl;

[0033] each R⁵, equal to or different from each other, is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms of groups 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; preferably it is CR⁶ ₂(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂;

[0034] wherein

[0035] each R⁶, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen or R; two R⁶ can also unite to form a ring;

[0036] R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR, S, SiR⁶ ₂, C₁-C₂₀ alkylidene, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkylhdene, C₂-C₂₀ alkenylidene, C₆-C₂₀ arylidene, C₇-C₂₀ alkylarylidene, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkylidene, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenylidene, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylarylidene, optionally containing heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements, and/or boron;

[0037] a is 0 or 1;

[0038] each R², equal to or different from each other, is a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron;

[0039] preferably R² is selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl, linear or branched, optionally substituted by BR⁶ ₂, OR⁶, SiR⁶ ₃, NR⁶ ₂; most preferably R² is an alkylsubstituted phenyl, naphthyl, or anthracyl; most preferably R² is a 2,6 dialkylphenyl group, optionally substituted in position 4 by a group R;

[0040] R³ is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms of groups 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron;

[0041] Preferably R³ is selected from the group consisting of: (CR⁶ ₂)_(s) wherein s is 1 or 2,

[0042] wherein

[0043] T is boron, nitrogen or phosphorus; U is boron, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur or phosphorus;

[0044] each R⁴, equal to or different from each other, is hydrogen or a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron;

[0045] preferably R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl, optionally substituted by BR⁶ ₂, OR⁶, SiR⁶ ₃ or NR⁶ ₂;

[0046] two or more of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ can also unite to form a from 4 to 15 membered aliphatic or aromatic ring; the ring optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron.

[0047] preferably R¹ is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl, linear or branched, optionally substituted by BR⁶ ₂, OR⁶, SiR⁶ ₃, NR⁶ ₂; or R⁵OSi(R)₃;

[0048] examples of group CR⁶ ₂(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂OSi(R)₃ are:

[0049] —CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃; —CH₂—(CH₂)_(p)—CH₂—OSiMe₃ wherein p ranges from 1 to 10; —CH₂—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃; —CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃; —CH(Et)—CH₂—OSi(Et)₂Me; —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂OSi(iPr)₃; —CH₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH₂—CH₂OSi(iPr)₃; —CH₂—CH₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH₂OSi(iPr)₃; —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—N(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂OSi(iPr)₃; —C(Me)₂—CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—CH₂—OSi(C₅H₁₁)₃; —CH₂—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—CH₂—Osi(CH₂Ph)₃; —C(CH₃)₂—C(CH₃)₂—OSi(C₆H₄Me)₃; —CH(Me)—CH(Me)—OSi(Et)(Me)₂.

[0050] In a particular embodiment the ligand of the present invention can be used for obtaining a solid catalyst component for polymerizing olefins. This solid catalyst component is obtainable by a process comprising the following steps:

[0051] a) reacting a diimino ligand of general formula I or II with a porous inorganic support;

[0052] b) treating the reaction mixture with a compound of general formula L_(q)MX₂, wherein M is selected from the group 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, preferably nickel, palladium, iron or cobalt; more preferably nickel; each X, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: halogen, hydrogen, OR, N(R)₂, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl or C₆-C₂₀ aryl; two X taken together can also be an aromatic or aliphatic divalent ligand, containing two equal or different donor atoms belonging to the group 14-16 of the periodic table of the elements, such as catecholate, 1,2-ethanediolate, 1,2-phenylenediamide, α-deprotonated-β-diketone or α-deprotonated-β-ketoester such as acetylacetonate or hexafluoroacetylacetonate; L is a labile ligand; for example L is a neutral Lewis base such as diethylether, tetrahydrofurane, dimethylaniline, aniline, triphenylphosphine, n-butylamine; 1,2 dimethoxyethane (DME), cyclooctadiene, pyridine, 1,1,2,2-tetramethylendiamine, aromatic or aliphatic nitriles, sulphides, sulphoxides or thiols, triaryl phosphines, arsines or stibines; and q is 0, 1 or 2.

[0053] As porous inorganic support, any type of inorganic oxides can be used, such as: silica, alumina, silica-alumina, aluminium phosphates and mixtures thereof, obtaining supported catalysts with contents in transition metals between 0.01 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 4%. Preferably the inorganic support is silica.

[0054] The amount of the diimino ligand which can be anchored in these conditions directly relates to the concentration of the reactive groups present in the support. For this reason a preferred support is silica calcinated at a temperature between 600° C. and 800° C., preferably in dry atmosphere.

[0055] The process for obtaining the solid catalyst component can be carried out in a temperature range from 0 to 200° C., in an inert solvent such as non-polar hydrocarbons, for example toluene. Besides, the resulting solid reaction product obtained by this process can be subjected to washing and subsequent filtration.

[0056] One advantage of the method here disclosed is that the procedure employed for the formation of the catalyst results in little or no side products that could hamper the polymerisation process. Thus no extra reactants other than the functionalized ligand and the silica are needed. Simple wash of the new modified silica in order to remove unreacted functionalized ligand renders a proper substrate for the second step, the attachment of the metal centre. This step can also be performed in a clean way by ligand interchange at the metal centre. Appropriate choice of the ligand accompanying initially to the metal centre is also desirable in order to facilitate the ligand interchange and to be easily removed by washing and/or evaporation.

[0057] The choice of diimino ligand and metal can result in an active catalyst for the polymerisation of olefins. The properties of the polyolefins so obtained can be finely tuned by a selection of the structural properties of the diimino ligand attached to the silica, the nature of the metal centre employed and the polymerisation conditions used (e.g. temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants, etc.).

[0058] The co-catalyst is a compound or mixture of compounds that upon reaction with the metal centres render ionic pairs in which the metal centres are alkylated cationic units and the anions are non-coordinating or weakly coordinating. Said co-catalyst is a compound or mixtures of compounds consisting of combinations of alkylating agents and Lewis acids (neutral or cationic) acting simultaneously or in differentiated steps. In cases in which the metal centre is already alkylated, only the Lewis acid, which promotes the formation of a non-coordinating or weakly coordinating anion, is needed. Illustrative but non-limiting examples of co-catalysts are: aluminoxanes (methylaluminoxane (MAO), modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), isobutylaluminoxane (IBAO), etc.), combinations of alkylaluminiums (such as trimethylaluminium, triethylaluminium, tributylaluminium, etc.) and boron Lewis acids (such as trifluoroborate, trispentafluorophenylborane, tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane, etc.), hydrogen Lewis acids (dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boron, HBF₄, etc.), silver Lewis acids (such as AgBF₄, AgPF₆, AgSbF₆, silver tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate etc.) or others (such as sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, etc.).

[0059] Compounds of formula I and II, wherein at least one R⁵ is represented by the formula CR⁶ ₂(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂OSi(R)₃, are preferably prepared by a process comprising the following steps:

[0060] 1) reacting a compound represented by formula III or IV

[0061] wherein each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: R¹ and CR⁶ ₂H, provided that at least one Z is represented by the formula CR⁶ ₂H, with a Bronsted base preferably selected from the group consisting of: organolithium compounds, organosodium compounds, organopotassium compounds, organomagnesiums, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, lithium, sodium, or potassium; preferably lithium alkyl, sodium alkyl, potassium alkyl; more preferably butyllithium; and

[0062] 2) contacting the obtained metallated compound with one equivalent of a compound of general formula Y(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂OSi(R)₃ wherein Y is a leaving group, preferably halogen, sulfonate groups, more preferably iodine or bromine.

[0063] While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that, in the above procedure, advantage has been taken of acidity of hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon in the alpha position to the imino group. Thus, it is believed that following a selection of the base to be used, one acidic proton at the carbon atom at the alpha position of the imino group is removed, resulting in an anionic species which is believed to be prone to act as a nucleophile in the presence of an electrophile. Thus a new bond can be formed when these two species interact. It is commonly known that such a new bond can be formed through two general pathways: by substitution or by addition. In the first case a leaving group is detached from the electrophilic centre. In the second case, a bond is broken (for instance a double bond becomes a single bond).

[0064] In order to have the alkoxysilane functional group in the final ligand thus formed, this functional group, or a suitable precursor of it, is preferably already present in the electrophile.

[0065] According to this synthetic procedure, choosing a base is desirable in order to selectively remove a hydrogen atom from the carbon atom in alpha to the imino group and, at the same time, not promoting undesired secondary reactions (for instance addition to the imine double bond). Also a suitable leaving group Y is preferably present in the electrophile in order to facilitate the formation of the new bond.

[0066] The synthetic method of the present invention has also the advantage of providing the possibility of linking more than just one functional group as long as there are more hydrogen atoms at the carbon atom in an alpha position to any of the two imino groups in the diimino precursor. It is sufficient to adjust the amount of base to be added to the original diimine in order to remove the desired number of hydrogen atoms. The process is preferably carried out under inert atmosphere for example nitrogen or argon and with dried solvents.

[0067] Non limitative examples of compounds represented by formula Y(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂OSi(R)₃ are:

[0068] Cl—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₃—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₅—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₆—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₇—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₈—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₉—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—(CH₂)₁₀—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—CMe₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—CEtMe—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—CEt₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—CMe₂—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Cl—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₃—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₅—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₆—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₇—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₈—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₉—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—(CH₂)₁₀—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—CMe₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—CEtMe—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—CEt₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—CMe₂—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃, Br—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₃—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₅—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₆—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₇—CH₂—OSiMe₃,I—CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₈—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₉—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—(CH₂)₁₀—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—CMe₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—CEtMe—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—CEt₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—CMe₂—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, I—CH₂—OSiEt₃, I—CH₂—CH₂—OSiEt₃, I—(CH₂)₂—CH₂—OSiEt₃, I—(CH₂)₃—CH₂—OSiEt₃, I—(CH₂)₄—CH₂—OSiEt₃, I—(CH₂)₅—CH₂—OSiEt₃, I—(CH₂)₆—CH₂—OSiEt₃, Br—(CH₂)₇—CH₂—OSiPr₃, Br—CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—OSiPr₃, Br—(CH₂)₈—CH₂—OSiPr₃, Br—(CH₂)₉—CH₂—OSiPr₃, Br—(CH₂)₁₀—CH₂—OSiPr₃, Br—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiPr₃, Cl—CH₂—CMe₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiPh₃, Cl—CH₂—CMe₂—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiPh₃, Cl—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiPh₃, Cl—CMe₂—CH₂—OSiPh₃, Cl—CH₂—CEtMe—CH₂—OSiPh₃, Cl—CH₂—CEt₂—CH₂—CH₂—OSiPh₃, Br—CH₂—CMe₂—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiMeEt₂, Br—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSiPhMe₂, Br—CEt₂—CH₂—OSiEtPr2.

[0069] More preferred diimino compounds represented by formula I are:

[0070] Non limiting examples of compounds according to formula I are:

[0071] The nickel or palladium catalyst of the present invention is especially useful for the production of branched polyethylene without requiring a co-monomer.

[0072] As those of skill in the art will appreciate it, the polymerization procedure can change according to the chosen type of polymerization process (solution, suspension, slurry or gas phase).

[0073] The process comprise contacting the monomer, or, in certain cases, the monomer and the comonomer, with a catalytic composition according to the present invention.

[0074] The alpha-olefins that can be used as comonomers to obtain ethylene copolymers can be one or more C₃-C₁₂ linear or branched alpha olefin, such as propylene, butene, hexene, octene or branched ones such as the 4-methyl-1-pentene and can be used in proportions from 0.1 to 70% by weight of the total of the monomers. In the case of ethylene polymerization the density of polymers can be as low as 0.86 g/cm³.

[0075] In the particular case of the polymerization technique known as suspension process or controlled particle morphology process and in case of gas-phase process, the used temperature is preferably between 30° and 100° C., while for the solution process the usual temperature will be between 120° and 250° C.

[0076] The pressure will change according to the polymerization technique; it will range from atmospheric pressure to 350 MPa.

EXAMPLES Preparation of Functionalized Diimino Ligands

[0077] All operations were carried out under nitrogen or argon atmosphere following conventional Schlenk techniques. THF and diethyl ether were dried by distillation from sodium and benzophenone; CH₂Cl₂ was dried by distillation from calcium hydride; petroleum ether and toluene was dried by distillation from sodium. All solvents were degassed before use. The petroleum ether had a boiling point of 40-60° C.

Example 1 Preparation of 1-trimethylsilyloxy-2-iodoethane, ICH₂CH₂OSiMe₃

[0078] To a solution of 2-iodoethanol (3.9 ml, 50 mmol) and triethylamine (7.25, 52 mmol) in THF (40 ml) stirred at 0° C., was added trimethylsilyl chloride (6.36 ml, 50 mmol). The stirring was continued for 0.5 h at the same temperature and for 6 h at room temperature. Evaporation of the solvent and distillation under vacuum affords 9.71 g of the title compound as a colourless liquid (80% yield).

[0079]¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ3.80 (t, 2H, CH₂—OSiMe₃), 3.19 (t, 2H, CH₂—I, 0.14 (s, 9H, OSiMe₃); ¹³C{¹H} NMR (CDCl₃, 100 MHz) δ63.7 (CH₂—OSiMe₃), 6.6 (CH₂—I), −0.3 (OSiMe₃).

Example 2 Monofunctionalization of Diimino Ligands (General Procedure)

[0080] A solution of t-BuLi in pentane (1.7 M, 2.4 ml, 4.1 mmol) was added dropwise over a stirred solution of the corresponding N,N′-bis(2,6-dialkylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (4 mmol) in 20 ml of THF at −80° C. After ca. 1 min, the yellow coloured solution turns to red. The reaction mixture was then stirred for 1 h and ICH₂CH₂OSiMe₃ (1 g, 4.1 mmol) was added. The stirring was continued for 0.5 h, and then for 6 h at the room temperature. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue extracted with 20 ml of petroleum ether. Filtration and evaporation of the solvent affords the product as yellowish-green oil in ca. 90% yields.

Example 2.1 Synthesis of [N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2-(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-3-methyl-1,3-butadiene

[0081] Following the procedure of example 2, [N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2-(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-3-methyl-1,3-butadiene] (L1) was obtained starting from N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene.

[0082]¹H NMR (C₆D₆, 298 K, 300 MHz): δ7.03-6.90 (m, 6H, CH_(Ar)), 3.32 (t, 2H, CH₂—OSiMe₃), 2.73-2.67 (m, 2H, CH₂—C═NAr), 2.05 and 2.02 (s, 6H each one, o-CH₃), 1.99 (s, 3H, CH₃—C═NAr), 1.83-1.80 (m, 2H, CH₂—CH₂—CH₂), −0.03 (s, 9H, OSiMe₃);

[0083]¹³C{¹H} NMR (C₆D₆, 298 K, 75 MHz): δ170.9 (C═N), 167.4 (C═N), 148.8 (Cq_((Ar))), 148.4 (Cq_((Ar))), 128.0 (CH_(Ar)), 124.5 (Cq_((Ar))), 123.3 (CH_(Ar)), 62.1 (CH₂ OSiM₃), 30.1 (CH₂—CH₂ CH₂), 25.9 (CH₂—C═NAr), 17,8 (o-CH₃), 15.9 (CH₃—C═NAr), −0.8 (OSiMe₃). EI MS, [M]⁺ m/z 408.

Example 2.2 Synthesis of [N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2-(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-3-methyl-1,3-butadiene]

[0084] Following the procedure of example 2, [N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2-(3-trimetlhylsiloxypropyl)-3-methyl-1,3-butadiene] (L2) was obtained starting from N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene.

[0085]¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz), δ7.20-7.02 (m, 6H, CH_(Ar)), 3.46 (t, 3H, CH₂—OSiMe₃), 2.73 (m, 4H, CHMe₂), 2.55 (m, 2H, CH₂—C═NAr), 2.05 (s, 3H, CH₃C═N), 1.71 (m, 4H, CH₂—CH₂—CH₂), 1.25-1.10 (m, 24H, CH(CH₃)₂), −0.05 (s, 9H, OSiMe₃);

[0086]¹³C{¹H} NMR (CDCl₃, 298 K. 75 MHz): δ171.1 (C═N), 168.3 (C═N), 146.5 (Cq_((Ar))), 146.0 (Cq_((Ar))), 135.5 (Cq_((Ar))), 135.2 (Cq_((Ar))), 124.0 (CH_(Ar)), 123.9 (CH_(Ar)), 123.2 (CH_(Ar)), 123.1 (CH_(Ar)), 62.9 (CH₂—OSiMe₃), 29.6 (CH₂—CH₂—CH₂), 28.7 (CHMe₂), 26.6 (CH₂—C═NAr), 23.5 (CHMe₂), 23.0 (CHMe₂), 22.5 (CHMe₂), 17.5 (CH3-C═NAr), −0.3 (OSiMe_(3,)). The parent molecular ion was observed in EI MS, [M]⁺ 520.

Example 3 Difunctionalization of Diimino Ligands (General Procedure)

[0087] A solution of t-BuLi in pentane (1.7 M, 2.4 ml, 4.1 mmol) was added dropwise over a stirred solution of the corresponding N,N′-bis(2,6-dialkylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (2 mmol) in 20 ml of THF at −80° C. The yellow coloured solution turns bright red. The reaction mixture was then stirred for 0.5 h at −80° C., and for 0.5 h at room temperature, and then ICH₂CH₂OSiMe₃ (1 g, 4.1 mmol) was added. The stirring was continued for 0.5 h, and for 6 h at the room temperature. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue extracted with 20 ml of petroleum ether. Filtration and evaporation of the solvent affords the product as yellowish-green oil in ca. 90% yields.

Example 3.1 Synthesis of [N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-di(3-trimethylsiloxylpropyl)-1,3-butadiene]

[0088] Following the procedure of example 3, [N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-di(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-1,3-butadiene] (L3) was obtained starting from N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene.

[0089]¹H NMR (C₆D₆, 400 MHz) δ7.02 (d, 4H, CH_(Ar)), 6.93 (t, 2H, CH_(Ar)), 3.35 (t, 4H, CH₂—OSiMe₃), 2.74 (m, 4H, CH₂—C═NAr), 2.10 (s, 12H, CH₃(ortho)), 1.86 (m, 4H, CH₂—CH₂—CH₂), −0.03 (s, 18H, OSiMe₃); ¹³C{¹H} NMR (C₆D₆, 100 MHz) δ170.6 (C═N), 148.5 (C_(q(Ar))), 128.7 (CH_(Ar)), 124.5 (C_(q(Ar))), 123.2 (CH_(Ar)), 62.2 (CH₂—OSiMe₃), 30.1 (CH₂—CH₂—CH₂), 26.0 (CH₂—C═NAr), 18.1 (CH₃(ortho)), −0.9 (OSiMe₃). The parent molecular ion was observed in EI MS, [M]⁺ m/z 524.

Example 3.2 Synthesis of [N,N′-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-di(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-1,3-butadiene]

[0090] Following the procedure of example 3, [N,N′-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-di(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-1,3-butadiene] (L4) was obtained starting from N,N′-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene.

[0091]¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz): δ7.13-7.06 (m, 6H, CH_(Ar)), 3.31 (t, 4H, CH₂—OSiMe₃), 2.85-2.79 (m, 4H, CH₂—C═NAr), 2.63-2.45 (m, 8H, CH₂—Me), 1.94-1.87 (m, 4H,CH₂—Ch₂—CH₂), 1.24 (q, 12H, CH₂—CH₃), −0.04 (s, 18H, OSiMe₃).

Example 3.3 Synthesis of [N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-di(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-1,3-butadiene]

[0092] Following the procedure of example 3, [N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-di(3-trimethylsiloxypropyl)-1,3-butadiene] (L5) was obtained starting from N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene.

[0093]¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ7.12 (d, 4H, CH_(Ar)), 7.05 (t, 2H, CH_(Ar)), 3.45 (t, 4H, CH₂—OSiMe₃), 2.71 (sept, 4H, CHMe₂), 2.53-2.47 (m, 4H, CH₂—C═NAr), 172-167 (m, 4H, CH₂—CH₂—CH₂), 1.21 (d, 12H, CHMeMe′), 1.12 (d, 12H, CHMeMe′), −0.04 (s, 18H, OSiMe₃); ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃, 75 MHz) δ170.8 (C═N), 146.0 (C_(q(Ar))), 135.3 (C_(q(Ar))), 123.9 (CH_(Ar)), 123.1 (CH_(Ar)), 62.9 (CH₂—OSiMe₃), 29.4 (CH₂—CH₂—CH₂), 28.7 (CHMe₂), 26.8 (CH₂—C═NAr), 23.6 (CHMeMe′), 22.5 (CHMeMe′), −0.3 (OSiMe₃). EI MS, [M⁺—C₃H₇] m/z 593.

Example 4 Preparation of Supported Catalyst Precursor

[0094] Silica (XPO 2407) supplied by Grace Company was calcined according to the following procedure:

[0095] (1) Warm up from 25 to 400° C. in 2 h

[0096] (2) Maintain at 400° C. for 6 h

[0097] (3) Warm up from 400 to 800° C. in 1 h

[0098] (4) Maintain at 800° C. for 4 h

[0099] (5) Cool down to room temperature under atmosphere of dry nitrogen

[0100] To a given amount of the silica thus treated, an amount of ligand L3 dissolved in toluene was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature and then for 20 h or more at 60-70 ° C. Stirring of the suspension was provided at 500 rpm with a blade stirrer in order not to break-up the silica particles. Then the suspension was filtered and the solid washed 3 times with toluene. Washing can be done at 60-70 ° C in order to assure complete removal of non-anchored ligand. The solid was then dried under vacuum. The approximate amount of ligand, which has been anchored onto the support, and the approximate amount of dibromo(dimethoxyethane)nickel(II) (DME.NiBr₂) needed in the following step are calculated from the weight of the residue obtained after removing under vacuum the solvent. The silica was then suspended in 30 ml of dichloromethane and a small excess of DME.NiBr₂ dissolved in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane added. The mixture was stirred for 20 h at room temperature employing the same technique as above in order no to break-up the silica particles. The suspension was then filtered and the solid washed thoroughly with dichloromethane before being dried for 24 h under vacuum. Finally the amount of nickel in the solid was analytically determined by ICP.

[0101] Employing this general procedure the catalyst precursors of Table 1 were obtained. TABLE 1 Catalyst Precursors Catalyst g of mmol of Ligand mmol of Ligand mmol of Percentage Precursor Ligand Silica added recovered DME-NiBr₂ added of Ni* CP1 L3 4.0 0.78 0.16 0.48 0.83 CP2 L3 2.0 0.29 0.18 0.12 0.31 CP3 L3 4.0 0.78 0.43 0.36 0.38 CP4 L3 4.0 0.60 0.18 0.44 0.83

Example 5 Polymerization, General Procedures Example 5.1 Polymerization Performed at 4 Bar of Ethylene

[0102] Reactor Volume: 1,3 L; Solvent: n-heptane (600 ml); Co-Catalyst: MAO 10% in toluene from Witco.

[0103] The reactor was filled with the given amount of solvent, degassed and saturated with ethylene at 3.75 bar at the set temperature. Then the co-catalyst was injected into the reactor. For the addition of the catalyst precursor from Table 1, the following procedure was followed: in a dry-box, a hollow stainless steel column fitted with a ball valve at each end was filled with the required weight of the solid catalyst and then filled-up with dry heptane. The column was taken outside the dry box with both valves closed and then connected vertical wise to the ethylene line (at the top end) and the reactor system (at the bottom end). The top valve was opened in order to let ethylene in at 4 bar before opening the bottom valve to allow the drop of the catalyst inside the reactor pushed by the ethylene flow. The ethylene gas consumed during polymerisation was immediately replaced by free flow from the ethylene line in order to keep a pressure of 4 bar. After the given reaction time, the polymerisation was stopped by fast degassing and depressurisation of the system and then by adding the polymerisation mixture to methanol with a few drops of HCl. The polymer was recovered by filtration, washed and dried at 10 mm Hg/70° C. for 20 h. The conditions and resulting polymer characteristics are shown in Table 2.

Example 5.2 Polymerization Performed at Pressures Higher Than 4 bar of Ethylene

[0104] Reactor Volume: 1 L; Solvent: isobutane (500 ml at ca. 20 bar); Co-Catalyst: MAO 10% in toluene from Witco. A stainless steel reactor was used. The co-catalyst was injected into the reactor. Then it was filled with the isobutane and saturated with ethylene at the set temperature and pressures. For the addition of the catalyst precursor from Table 1, a similar procedure as the one employed at 4 bar was followed. After the given reaction time, the polymerisation was stopped by fast degassing and depressurisation of the system and then by adding the polymerisation mixture to methanol with a few drops of HCl. The polymer was recovered by filtration, washed and dried at 10 mm Hg/70° C. for 20 h. Conditions and resulting polymer characteristics are shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Polymerisation Experiments Catalyst mmol Co- T Total Essay Precursor Ni Catalyst Al/Ni P(bar)¹ (° C.) t (min) g PE Activity² Mw MWD Branches³ Me³ Hex +³ E1 CP1 0.0141 MAO  481 4 45 60 1,88 3,33E + 04 325.600 2,82 8,49 7,13 0,34 E2 CP1 0.0141 MAO  541 4 45 60 2,29 4,06E + 04 421.200 2,42 17,38 16,28 0,44 E3 CP2 0.0204 MAO  152 4 45 120  10,8 6,62E + 04 376.800 3,53 9,79 8,32 1,47 E4 CP2 0.0204 MAO  152 4 60 60 5,39 6,61E + 04 386.500 8,86 18,20 18,20 0,00 E5 CP2 0.0202 MAO  152 4 80 60 3,81 4,72E + 04 317.000 5,46 33,00 27,94 2,77 E6 CP3 0.0129 MAO  525 4 45 60 4,16 8,06E + 04 279.700 2,84 8,11 8,11 0,00 E7 CP3 0.0129 MAO  525 4 45 120  6,9 6,69E + 04 294.900 3,12 10,75 9,98 0,00 E8 CP3 0.0129 MAO  525 4 45 240  9,2 4,46E + 04 346.900 2,81 9,16 9,16 0,00 E9 CP4 0.0049 MAO 1140 4 45 30 1 1,02E + 05 321.300 3,1 14,78 14,78 0,00 E10 CP4 0.0141 MAO  997 4 45 30 2,57 9,11E + 04 374.000 3,11 17,02 17,02 0.00 E11 CP4 0.0141 MAO  548 4 45 60 4,11 7,29E + 04 365.300 3,11 11,18 11,18 0,00 E12 CP4 0.0141 MAO  379 4 45 60 3,51 6,22E + 04 358.700 2,9 16,41 16,41 0,00 E13 CP4 0.0141 MAO  164 4 45 60 2,61 4,63E + 04 332.200 3,09 12,63 12,63 0,00 E14 CP4 0.0141 MAO 1200 27  80 60 5,23 1,37E + 04 343.800 3,88 9,96 9,22 0,74 E15 CP4 0.0141 MAO  200 27  80 60 4,58 1,20E + 04 299.900 3,31 9,03 9,03 0,00 E16 CP4 0.0141 MAO  400 27  80 60 4,49 1,18E + 04 309.900 3,08 10,22 10,22 0,00 E17 CP4 0.0141 MAO 1200 10  80 60 3,58 2,54E + 04 279.600 3,46 23,83 18,66 1,27 E18 CP4 0.0141 MAO 1200 27  60 60 8,47 2,22E + 04 363.300 2,98 7,57 4,64 1,70

Example 6

[0105] In order to determine that the catalytic centres are tightly bound to the support the following experiment was set up:

[0106] In a schlenk tube with the pertinent weight of catalyst precursor CP4 in order to reach 0.015 mmol of nickel were added 15.0 ml of a 1.5 M solution of MAO in toluene. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 70° C. Then it was carefully filtered in order to assure that the solution was free from solid particles. From the filtered solution, 10.0 ml were taken and injected in the 1.3 L polymerisation reactor with 600 ml of heptane saturated with ethylene at 4 bar and 45° C. Then the consumption of ethylene for one hour was recorded. The value of the ethylene consumption gives an idea of the amount of catalytic centres leached to the MAO solution after the 4 h period.

[0107] For comparison the same experiment was made employing:

[0108] (Comparative 1) plain silica (without ligand and/or nickel added),

[0109] (Comparative 2) a non-supported and non-functionalized alpha-diimino nickel complex [N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene nickel dibromide complex] and

[0110] (Comparative 3) this same complex supported on treated silica according to the following procedure: The silica (6.0 g) and complex N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene nickel dibromide (153 mg) were suspended together in 50 ml of dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred for 22 h at room temperature and then the suspension was filtered and the solid washed thoroughly with dichloromethane before being dried for 24 h under vacuum. Finally the amount of nickel in the solid was determined analytically by ICP to be 0.06% by weight.

[0111] Apart from the ethylene consumption, the colour of the resulting solution is highly indicative of the proportion of leached catalytic centres. The results are shown in the following table TABLE 3 Vol. of Colour of Colour of Ethylene % Ni Substrate mmol Ni MAO Al/Ni Filtrate Solid Consumption Comparative 1  0 1000 mg 0,0000 15,0 ml — Colourless Colourless 0,5 Comparative 2 100   7,6 mg 0,0149 15,0 ml 1562 Blue — 9,4 Comparative 3 0,06 1468 mg 0,0150 15,0 ml 1550 Blue Blue 2,6 CP-4 0,83  106 mg 0,0150 15,0 ml 1550 Colourless Blue 0,7

[0112] Table 3 shows that the catalyst CP-4 prepared according to this invention results in a catalyst system having the catalytic centres strongly attached to the support because they are not leached even after treatment with a high concentration of MAO at 70° C. for one hour. The colours shown by filtrate and solid also indicate that the catalytic centres remain attached to the solid and are not leached into the MAO solution. Comparative 1 shows that a minimum consumption of ethylene is measured with the MAO solution even when no nickel centre is present. Comparative 2 gives the maximum ethylene consumption expected after treatment with MAO under the conditions of the experiment, when the entire nickel complex is in the MAO solution. Comparative 3 shows that when the non-functionalised alpha-diimino nickel complex is added to the support there are some catalytic centres which, even after the strong treatment with MAO remain occluded within the silica while other catalytic centres are leached into the solution. 

1. Diimino compounds represented by the following formulae:

wherein n is 0 or 1; m is 1, 2 or 3; each R¹, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, a monovalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally containing heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; with the proviso that at least one R¹ group is represented by the formula R⁵OSi(R)₃; wherein each R, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl; each R⁵, equal to or different from each other, is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms of groups 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; each R², equal to or different from each other, is a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and boron; R³ is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms of groups 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; each R⁴, equal to or different from each other, is hydrogen or a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; two or more R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ can also unite to form a 4 to 15-membered aliphatic or aromatic ring; the ring optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron.
 2. Diimino compounds according to claim 1, wherein R⁵ is represented by the formula CR⁶ ₂(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂ wherein each R⁶, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen or R; two R⁶ can also unite to form a ring; R⁷is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR, S, SiR⁶ ₂, C₁-C₂₀ alkylidene, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkylidene, C₂-C₂₀ alkenylidene, C₆-C₂₀ arylidene, C₇-C₂₀ alkylarylidene, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkylidene, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenylidene, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylarylidene, optionally containing heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; a is 0 or
 1. 3. Diimino compounds according to claim 2, wherein the group CR⁶ ₂(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂OSi(R)₃ is selected from the group consisting of: CH₂—CH₂—OSiMe₃, CH₂—(CH₂)_(p)—CH₂—OSiMe₃ wherein p ranges from 1 to 10, CH₂—O—CH₂—OSiMe₃, CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—OSiMe₃, CH(Et)—CH₂—OSi(Et)₂Me, CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂OSi(iPr)₃, CH₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH₂—CH₂OSi(iPr)₃, CH₂—CH₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH₂OSi(iPr)₃, CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—N(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂OSi(ipr)₃, C(Me)₂—CH₂—C₆H₄—CH₂—CH₂—OSi(C₅H₁₁)₃, —CH₂—CH₂—C₆H₄—O—CH₂—OSi(CH₂Ph)₃, C(CH₃)₂—C(CH₃)₂—OSi(C₆H₄Me)₃ and CH(Me)—CH(Me)—OSi(Et)(Me)₂.
 4. Diimino compounds according to claim 1, wherein: each R¹ is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl; C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl; C₆-C₂₀ aryl; C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl; C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl; C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl; C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl; C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl; optionally substituted by BR⁶ ₂, OR⁶, SiR⁶ ₃, NR⁶ ₂; or R⁵OSi(R)₃; each R² is independently selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl, linear or branched, optionally substituted by BR⁶ ₂, OR⁶, SiR⁶ ₃, NR⁶ ₂; each R³ is independently selected from the group consisting of: (CR₂)_(s) wherein s is 1 or 2, and compounds of formula:

 wherein T is boron, nitrogen or phosphorus; U is boron, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur or phosphorus; each R⁴ is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl, optionally substituted by BR⁶ ₂, OR⁶, SiR⁶ ₃, NR⁶ ₂.
 5. Diimino compounds according to claim 1 represented by the following formulae:


6. A process for the preparation of diimino compounds comprising: a) reacting a compound of general formulas III or IV

 with a Bronsted base selected from the group consisting of: organolithium compounds, organosodium compounds, organopotassium compounds, organomagnesium compounds, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, lithium, sodium, or potassium; b) contacting the obtained metallated compound with one equivalent of a compound of general formula Y(R⁷)_(a)CR⁶ ₂OSi(R)₃ wherein n is 0 or 1; m is 1, 2 or 3; each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: R¹ and CR⁶ ₂H, provided that at least one Z is represented by the formula CR⁶ ₂H, each R¹, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, a monovalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally containing heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; each R, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl; each R², equal to or different from each other, is a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and boron; R³ is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing from 1 to 5 heteroatoms of groups 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; each R⁴, equal to or different from each other, is hydrogen or a radical which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; this group optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; two or more R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ can also unite to form a 4 to 15-membered aliphatic or aromatic ring; the ring optionally contains heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; each R⁶, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen or R, wherein R is as defined above; two R⁶ can also unite to form a ring; R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of: O, NR, S, SiR⁶ ₂, C₁-C₂₀ alkylidene, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkylidene, C₂-C₂₀ alkenylidene, C₆-C₂₀ arylidene, C₇-C₂₀ alkylarylidene, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkylidene, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenylidene, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylarylidene, optionally containing heteroatoms of group 14 to 16 of the periodic table of the elements and/or boron; a is 0 or 1; Y is a leaving group.
 7. The process for the preparation of diimino ligand of claim 6, wherein the Bronsted base is selected from the group consisting of lithium alkyl, sodium alkyl, potassium alkyl; and Y is halogen.
 8. Solid catalyst component for polymerizing olefins obtainable by a process comprising the following steps: a) reacting a diimino ligand according to claims 1-5, with a porous inorganic support; b) treating the reaction mixture with a compound of general formula L_(q)MX₂, wherein M is selected from the group 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, each X, equal to or different from each other, is selected from a group consisting of: halogen, hydrogen, OR, N(R)₂, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl or C₆-C₂₀ aryl; two X taken together can also be an aromatic or aliphatic divalent ligand, containing two equal or different donor atoms belonging to the group 14-16 of the periodic table of the elements; L is a labile ligand and q is 0, 1 or 2; each R, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl.
 9. The catalyst component of claim 8, wherein the porous inorganic solid is selected from the group consisting of: silica, alumina, silica-alumina, aluminum phosphates and mixtures thereof.
 10. The catalyst component of claim 8, wherein the porous inorganic solid is calcined silica.
 11. A polymerization catalyst comprising a cocatalyst and a catalyst component for polymerizing olefins obtained by a process comprising the following steps: a) reacting a diimino ligand according to claims 1-5, with a porous inorganic support; b) treating the reaction mixture with a compound of general formula L_(q)MX₂, wherein M is selected from the group 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, each X, equal to or different from each other, is selected from a group consisting of: halogen, hydrogen, OR, N(R)₂, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl or C₆-C₂₀ aryl; two X taken together can also be an aromatic or aliphatic divalent ligand, containing two equal or different donor atoms belonging to the group 14-16 of the periodic table of the elements; L is a labile ligand and q is 0, 1 or 2; each R, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl.
 12. The polymerization catalyst of claim 11, wherein the cocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of: aluminoxane, boron compound, or mixtures thereof.
 13. A polymerization process comprising contacting one or more olefins with a catalyst system comprising a cocatalyst and a catalyst component for polymerizing olefins obtained by a process comprising the following steps: a) reacting a diimino ligand according to claims 1-5, with a porous inorganic support; b) treating the reaction mixture with a compound of general formula L_(q)MX₂, wherein M is selected from the group 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, each X, equal to or different from each other, is selected from a group consisting of: halogen, hydrogen, OR, N(R)₂, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl or C₆-C₂₀ aryl; two X taken together can also be an aromatic or aliphatic divalent ligand, containing two equal or different donor atoms belonging to the group 14-16 of the periodic table of the elements; L is a labile ligand and q is 0, 1 or 2; each R, equal to or different from each other, is selected from the group consisting of: C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₂₀ aryl, C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl, C₇-C₂₀ arylalkyl, C₇-C₂₀ alkylaryl, C₈-C₂₀ arylalkenyl, C₈-C₂₀ alkenylaryl.
 14. The polymerization process of claim 13 wherein the olefin is ethylene
 15. The polymerization process of claim 13 wherein the olefin are ethylene and one or more of butene, hexene, octene, 4-methylpentene. 